sábado, 13 de julio de 2013

MITOS DE HOLLYWOOD VERSUS LA VERDADERA AGENCIA CENTRAL DE ESPIONAJE / INTELIGENCIA ESTADOUNIDENSE I(HOLLYWOOD MYTHS VS. THE REAL CIA)

Central Intelligence Agency

"Hollywood Myths vs. the Real CIA

When you think about the CIA, does a famous British super spy come to mind? Are images of shootouts and high speed chases running through your head? Do you imagine CIA officers chasing terrorists through the American heartland, as seen on popular TV shows?
While the CIA may have cool spy tools that even James Bond would be proud to use, such as a robot fish that samples water and insect-sized listening devices, the CIA is a lot different than Hollywood portrays it to be. CIA.gov wants to share some of the facts with you.
MythEveryone at the CIA is a spy.
Reality
: The case officers commonly depicted in Hollywood are just one specialized occupation in the CIA. These officers recruit people in foreign countries who have access to valuable information (spies), but the officers themselves are not spies.
To carry out its mission of collecting and analyzing foreign intelligence, the Agency has a diverse workforce that includes analysts, case officers, support staff and technology experts. This breadth of expertise is one of many things that make the CIA unique.
MythThe CIA spies on US citizens.Reality: The Federal Bureau of Investigation has the lead on intelligence matters in the United States, especially those directed against US citizens. However, the CIA and the FBI work together as needed to protect the interests of US national security. The CIA does not collect information concerning the domestic activities of US citizens, but its foreign intelligence collection mission can be conducted anywhere.
Myth: The CIA is above the law.
Reality: 
The National Security Act of 1947 and multiple Executive Orders provide the authority for CIA activities. The CIA reports to two Congressional oversight committees, the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI) and the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI), which ensure that the Agency operates legally and within the scope of its charter.
In addition, the CIA Office of the Inspector General (OIG) provides independent oversight of the CIA. The OIG performs independent audits, inspections, investigations and reviews of CIA programs and operations.
Myth: The CIA arrests people who break the law.
Reality
:  The CIA, unlike the FBI, has no law enforcement authority. The Agency’s mission is foreign intelligence collection and analysis. If you have a law enforcement issue, contact your local police department or the US Department of Justice.
MythThe CIA makes foreign policy.
Reality: The CIA informs foreign policy. It works with other members of the Intelligence Community to produce objective analysis on intelligence issues. The president and policymakers make all US policy decisions, not the CIA.
The CIA’s mission is exciting in its own right, but different from the caricature Hollywood portrays.
To read more about common myths about the CIA, check out this article:
Fact vs. Fiction: Debunking Some Myths

Historical Document
Posted: Dec 27, 2012 06:56 AM
Last Updated: Apr 30, 2013 01:03 PM"
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(COMPLETE THESIS)

"The Evolution of the CIA's Covert Action Mission, 1947-1963 

Ph.D. Thesis by James D. CaHanan 
Year of Submission, 1999 
Abstract 
The core contentions and departures of this study are that: (1) a three way delineation distinguished the basic types of operation that the CIA performed, between defensive, offensive, and preventive covert action; (2) the agency and its forerunner organisations anticipated government policy and initiated small-scale political clandestine operations during 1946 and 1947, ahead of being given official sanction for such activities; (3) the CIA's operations directorate played a more significant role as an instrument of wider strategic objectives, most notably during the Eisenhower years, than has hitherto been suggested; and (4) domestic politics had a strong impact on the development and deployment of CIA covert action, especially during the McCarthy era. Only by taking these factors into account can the early evolution of the CIA's operations directorate be fully understood. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 5 
INTRODUCTION 8 
BACKGROUND 8 
DEPARTURES 10 
FORMAT 19 
HISTORIOGRAPHY 20 

CHAPTER ONE: TH E ARRIVA L OF AN IMPERFECT PEAC E AND TH E RISE OF TH E SILENT OPTION 22 
THE TRUMAN INHERITANCE 22 
COLD WAR ABROAD AND ITS IMPACT AT HOME 24 
THE BIRTH AND EARLY EVOLUTION OF THE CIA, AND THE EMERGENCE OF ITS COVERT ACTION MISSION, 1945-1948 31 

CHAPTER TWO: ITAL Y 1947-1948: SECURING A EUROPEAN STRONGPOINT 44 
THE ITALIAN POLITICAL LANDSCAPE 1945-1947: A CASE OF CONTINUOUS POLARISATION 45 
TRUMAN'S POLICY TOWARDS ITALY, 1946 TO LATE 1947 50 
OVERT AND ACTIVIST: ANTICOMMUNIST CAMPAIGNING AMERICAN STYLE 52 
METHODOLOGY OF DEFENSIVE COVERT INTERVENTION: THE ITALIAN MODEL 56 
THE SOVIET VIEWPOINT 70 
CONCLUSION 72 

CHAPTER THREE : ONTO TH E OFFENSIVE 75 
THE COLD WAR 1948-1953: A GEOGRAPHICAL EXPANSION AND A PROLIFERATION OF MEANS 76 
THE OFFICE OF POLICY COORDINATION 83 
ECONOMIC WARFARE 90 
EUROPEAN THEATRE OPERATIONS 93 
THE FAR EASTERN DIMENSION 100 THE BEDELL SMITH REFORMS 103 
CONCLUSION 108 

CHAPTER FOUR: OPC INTERVENTION IN ALBANIA: AN EXPERIMENT IN OFFENSIVE COVER T ACTION 110 
ALBANIA AND THE BALKANS: THE VIEW FROM WASHINGTON 111 
BGFIEND: ORGANISATION AND PREPARATIONS 116 
BGFDEND: THE ACTION PHASES: FROM THE KARABURUN MISSION 
TO THE PURGES OF 1954 119 
CONCLUSION: DECEPTIONS, LEGACIES, AND LESSONS 126 

CHAPTER FIVE: ERRING ON TH E SIDE OF ACTIVISM: EISENHOWER AND THE ERA OF PREVENTIVE COVER T WARFARE 135 
IKE'S WHITE HOUSE: THE STRATEGIST'S PALACE 137 
THE NEW LOOK: ASYMMETRY IN PRACTICE 142 
DIFFERING PERCETIONS OF NEUTRALISM: FIRST WORLD AND THIRD WORLD 147 
CIA 1953-1961: FULLY GROWN AND COMING OF AGE 152 
SPECIALISATION 156 
THE U-2 SPY PLANE 161 
CONCLUSION: THE TREND TOWARDS PREVENTIVE OPERATIONS: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE 165 

CHAPTER SIX: A TAL E OF THRE E CAMPAIGNS: LANDMARKS IN THE HEYDAY OF COVERT ACTION 169 
IRAN 1953: A COVERT ACTION PRECEDENT 172 
GUATEMALA 1954: THE ART OF KILLING FOUR BIRDS WITH ONE STONE 188 
THE GUATEMALAN REVOLUTION AND THE ISSUE OF COMMUNISM 189 
EXPEDIENCY: THE PRINCIPAL REASON FOR A COUP D'ETAT 193 
PREPARATION 203 
THE DEED: EXECUTION OF THE GUATEMALA COUP 209 
INDONESIA 1958: AN ALARM FROM THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO 212 
CONCLUSION 220

CHAPTER SEVEN : FLUCTUATING FORTUNES 222 
CAMELOT AND THE DOCTRINE OF FLEXIBLE RESPONSE 223 
THE BIG PICTURE 1961 -1963: ESCALATING SUPERPOWER TENSION 230 
CIA 1961-1963: ROLLERCOASTER YEARS 233 
TO KILL OR NOT TO KILL? EISENHOWER, KENNEDY, AND THE TURBULENT CONGOLESE EX-PRIME MINISTER 236 
TINKERING AT THE EDGES. THE IMPACT OF THE TAYLOR INQUIRY FINDINGS ON CIA COVERT ACTION 241 
THE DIRECTORSHIP OF JOHN McCONE 245 
CONCLUSION 251 

CHAPTER EIGHT : A BANQUET OF CONSEQUENCES: COVER T ACTION IN CUBA AND THE CARIBBEAN, 1960-1963 252 
THE CUBAN REVOLUTION 254 
OPENING MOVES 257 
THE DOMINICAN DIMENSION 258 
DABBLING IN A DEADLY ART: ASSASSINATION AND THE CIA'S MAFIA CONNECTION 260 
FROM GUERRILLA INFILTRATION TO AMPHIBIOUS INVASION: PARAMILITARY PREPARATIONS UNDER EISENHOWER 263 
THE BAY OF PIGS: KENNEDY'S CUBAN INHERITANCE 269 
MISCONCEPTIONS AND HIDDEN AGENDAS 270 
THE JOINT CHIEFS' ROLE 280 
THE UNANIMOUS SILENCE 282 
INVASION 284 
AFTERMATH 289 
OPERATION MONGOOSE: THE ADOPTION OF LANSDALE'S STABILISATION STRATEGY 293 
INCLUSION 298 
CONCLUSION: MARCHING AS TO WAR 306 

3 APPENDICES 

BIBLIOGRAPHY" 
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Title: "CIA ABOVE THE LAW? SECRET DETENTIONS AND UNLAWFUL INTER-STATE TRANSFERS OF DETAINEES IN EUROPE" (¿LA AGENCIA CENTRAL DE ESPIONAJE / INTELIGENCIA ESTADOUNIDENSE SE ENCUENTRA FUERA DEL ALCANCE DE LA LEY? DETENCIONES SECRETAS Y TRANSFERENCIAS INTERESTATALES DE DETENIDOS EN EUROPA").. By COUNCIL OF EUROPE. 


(COMPLETE REPORT)

"Contents
Chronology of Council of Europe action
Part 1: Secret detentions and transfers of detainees in Europe
Reports of the Parliamentary Assembly

I. Alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states (first report Marty)
Summary
Adopted texts
Explanatory memorandum
I. Are human rights little more than a fair-weather option
II. The global “spider’s web
III. Specific examples of documented renditions
IV. Secret places of detention
V. Secret detentions in the Chechen Republic
VI. Attitude of governments
VII. Individual cases: judicial proceedings in progress
VIII. Parliamentary investigations
IX. Commitment to combating terrorism
X. Legal perspectivesXI. 
Conclusion
Appendices

II. Secret detentions and illegal transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states (second report Marty)
Summary

Adopted texts
Explanatory memorandum
Introductory remarks – an overview
I. The “Dynamics of truth
II. Secret detentions in Council of Europe member states
III. Secret detention operations in Poland
IV. Secret detention operations in Romania
V. Human rights abuses involved in the CIA secret detention programme
VI. Secrecy and cover-up: how the United States and its European partners evade responsibility for CIA clandestine operations
VII. Secret detentions and renditions: the diminishing effect on respect for human rights worldwide
VIII. Need for consensus solutions to the HVD dilemma whilst ensuring respect for human rights
Appendices
Addendum to the report
1. Dissenting opinion by the delegation of Poland to the Parliamentary Assembly
2. Dissenting opinin by the delegation of Romania to the Parliamentary Assembly

Part 2: 
Legal obligations of Council of Europe member states in respect of secret detention facilities and inter-state transport of prisoners.
Opinion of the European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission)

Introduction
Section I: The legal regime
A. General principles
B. Human rights law
C. International humanitarian law
D. General principles of civil aviation
E. Military bases
F. Article V of the NATO Treaty
Section II: The international legal obligations of Council of Europe member states
A. Council of Europe member states’ obligations in respect of arrests by foreign authorities on their territory
B. Council of Europe member states’ obligations in respect of alleged secret detention facilities
C. Council of Europe member states’ obligations in respect of inter-state transfers of prisoners
Conclusions"
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Anónimo dijo...

http://www.mo911truth.org/

Commissioned and Non-commissioned U.S. Military Officers for 911 Truth.